In addition to opera, Scarlatti composed more than cantatas and a number of oratorios. His fame today rests primarily on his vocal music, but Scarlatti received frequent commissions for instrumental music during his career as well. Domenico Scarlatti — : The sixth son of Alessandro Scarlatti, Domenico Scarlatti likely received the best musical education Naples had to offer. Around , the elder Scarlatti took his son to Venice to study with Francesco Gasparini — , who had been a pupil of Corelli.
From Venice the younger Scarlatti journeyed to Rome—reportedly with Handel—where the two men performed before Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni. About Scarlatti moved to Lisbon, and some ten years later to Madrid. He moved to Naples in , where he spent his brief career working in the Neapolitan courts. While in Naples, Pergolesi joined Alessandro Scarlatti in pioneering the changes underway in the genre of opera, particularly in the new opera buffa comic opera.
In , he included within his opera Il prigioner superbo the two act buffa intermezzo La serva padrona The Landlady Servant , which immediately became popular in its own right. Its premiere in Paris in sparked the so-called querelle des bouffons quarrel of the comedians , a debate between devotees of serious French opera in the style of Lully and Rameau and fans of the new style of Italian comic opera.
In addition to numerous operas, Pergolesi composed a number of secular instrumental works and sacred pieces. His best known sacred composition is the Stabat Mater , commissioned to replace a similar piece by Alessandro Scarlatti which had been performed for years on Good Friday in Naples.
Reprinted more often than any other composition in the 18th century, the Stabat Mater was an inspiration to many, including J. Many pieces believed to have been composed by Pergolesi were later shown to be falsely attributed, including the music on which Igor Stravinsky based the ballet Pulcinella.
After inheriting his father's position at the age of 18, Couperin eventually became the harpsichordist at Versailles as well. From the start of his career, Couperin was something of a nonconformist. In order to ensure that his music was properly performed, Couperin published L'art de toucher le clavecin , which included fingerings, instructions for ornamentation and playing dotted rhythms and eight preludes that could serve as introductions to the eight ordres of his first and second books.
In addition to his keyboard music, Couperin composed a number of sacred vocal works that were heavily influenced by Italian cantatas and sonatas, and his interest in the juxtaposition of French and Italian styles continued throughout his lifetime.
An even more direct fusing of the two styles occurs in Les nations and in his suites for bass viols , of which the first is a French ordre and the second an Italian sonata da chiesa. Couperin remained somewhat controversial for much of his career.
Lully even persuaded the king to limit the number of singers and instrumentalists that could perform with other Parisian theater troupes. Marc-Antoine Charpentier — : Believed to be from a family of royal painters, Charpentier studied with Carissimi in Rome in the s before returning to Paris around Louis XIV liked his theater music so much that he granted him a pension in In addition to his employment in the secular realm, Charpentier held several posts in the church during the final decades of his life.
Jean-Phillippe Rameau — : Born in Dijon in , Rameau spent the first 40 years of his life working in the relative obscurity of the provinces.
In the final decade of his life, Rameau focused more on theory than on actual composition, corresponding with other important music theorists including Johann Mattheson. His ideas about harmony, particularly the notion that every chord has a basse fondamentale root note that preserves the identity of the chord even when its notes are reordered, form the basis of modern theories of tonality.
His post necessitated a great deal of travel, which allowed him to advertise his talents as a conductor, organist and knowledgeable expert on practical music and on musical instruments. His only surviving secular work is Terpsichore , a set of dances. In addition to his music, Praetorius provided an invaluable reference for researchers in the form of his three volume Syntagma Musicum , a detailed compendium of observations on contemporary German music, musical instruments and performance.
Johann Hermann Schein — : After studies in music and in law, Schein held positions as house music director at Schloss Weissenfels and Kapellmeister to Duke Johann Ernst the Younger at Weimar before succeeding Calvisius in as music director and cantor at the Thomaskirche in Leipzig, a position J. Bach was to hold over a century later. Although his early compositions favor the complex polyphony of the sixteenth century, he quickly abandoned this style in favor of the more modern trend toward emotional declamation and dramatic contrast, using them to great advantage in many of his sacred works.
Upon returning to Halle, he became court organist and them Kapellmeister to the Margrave of Brandenburg. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Over the course of his symphonies, Austrian composer Franz Joseph Haydn became the principal architect of the classical style of music.
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