Upon completion of a rough draft, the writer should take on the first edit of his work. Editing is an on-going process, not a one time event. When an author edits his work, he is checking the piece for errors. These are typically errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and formatting indenting of paragraphs, etc.
A writer should be encouraged to edit as much of his own paper as possible. Early writers should, with some prompting, be able to check a paper for correct capitalization and punctuation. As a child ages, he will be able to correct other errors on his own. Some students find it beneficial to read their work out loud while editing. This makes it easier to find mistakes. Editing should not be a negative process. This is a time to work on creating a polished piece of writing that will make the author proud.
The author should be reminded that he will need to edit his work at least two more times. He will edit before composing a final copy and then use the same process to check over his final product. Writing can be a difficult process for children. Many students are hesitant writers.
Because of this, it is important for the home teacher to demonstrate appropriate writing strategies. When dealing with a child who does not enjoy writing, it is very important to model each step of the writing process. The home teacher should plan to model a composition which parallels the one being written by the student.
The home teacher should plan to work through each step of the writing process with his student. The teacher should show the child, with his own topic, how to complete a prewriting exercise. He should then assist the student with this activity, moving through the process step by step, focused on the topic chosen by the student. A child does not instinctively understand how to take prewriting notes and convert them in to a piece of writing.
The home teacher should model the procedure for this with his own topic. He should take the time to explain to the student how he chose to focus his composition, why he has chosen to include certain ideas instead of others, and how he plans to organize the piece of writing. The teacher should then encourage the student to verbalize his thought process and work together to assist the child with the assigned composition. Writing is a flexible process. Like everything on the internet, the quality of proofreading services varies widely.
Do your research before you choose one. There are a few things you can check:. Scribbr offers proofreading services for academic and study-related documents, including essays, papers, theses, dissertations, reports, and proposals. You can choose between a hour, 3-day, or 7-day turnaround time. Scribbr is rated 4.
Frequently asked questions about proofreading What is the difference between proofreading and editing? Editing comes first, and can involve major changes to content, structure and language. The first stages of editing are often done by authors themselves, while a professional editor makes the final improvements to grammar and style for example, by improving sentence structure and word choice.
Proofreading is the final stage of checking a text before it is published or shared. It focuses on correcting minor errors and inconsistencies for example, in punctuation and capitalization. Proofreaders often also check for formatting issues, especially in print publishing. If you want to be confident that an important text is error-free, it might be worth choosing a professional proofreading service instead.
The cost of proofreading depends on the type and length of text, the turnaround time, and the level of services required. Most proofreading companies charge per word or page, while freelancers sometimes charge an hourly rate. There are many different routes to becoming a professional proofreader or editor.
The necessary qualifications depend on the field — to be an academic or scientific proofreader, for example, you will need at least a university degree in a relevant subject. For most proofreading jobs, experience and demonstrated skills are more important than specific qualifications.
Often your skills will be tested as part of the application process. To learn practical proofreading skills, you can choose to take a course with a professional organization such as the Society for Editors and Proofreaders.
Alternatively, you can apply to companies that offer specialized on-the-job training programmes, such as the Scribbr Academy. Have a language expert improve your writing. Check your paper for plagiarism in 10 minutes. Do the check. Generate your APA citations for free! APA Citation Generator. Home Knowledge Base Language rules A quick guide to proofreading.
Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services Trustpilot. Proofreading rates by word count Proofreading and editing companies tend to have a set per-word rate with different prices based on the turnaround time. Proofreading hourly rates Many freelancers charge an hourly rate, which means the price will vary based on the quality and complexity of the document.
What is the difference between proofreading and editing? How can I get better at proofreading? Proofread a printout : Staring at a screen for too long can cause fatigue — sit down with a pen and paper to check the final version.
Use digital shortcuts : Take note of any recurring mistakes for example, misspelling a particular word, switching between US and UK English , or inconsistently capitalizing a term , and use Find and Replace to fix it throughout the document.
How much does professional proofreading cost? Be careful about relying too much on spelling checkers and grammar checkers. A spelling checker cannot recognize that you meant to write principle but wrote principal instead. A grammar checker often queries constructions that are perfectly correct. The program does not understand your meaning; it makes its check against a general set of formulas that might not apply in each instance. If you use a grammar checker, accept the suggestions that make sense, but consider why the suggestions came up.
Proofreading requires patience; it is very easy to read past a mistake. Set your paper aside for at least a few hours, if not a day or more, so your mind will rest. Some professional proofreaders read a text backward so they can concentrate on spelling and punctuation. Another helpful technique is to slowly read a paper aloud, paying attention to every word, letter, and punctuation mark.
If you need additional proofreading help, ask a reliable friend, a classmate, or a peer tutor to make a final pass on your paper to look for anything you missed. Remember to use proper format when creating your finished assignment. These requirements may be more detailed and rigid for research projects and term papers, which often observe the American Psychological Association APA or Modern Language Association MLA style guides, especially when citations of sources are included.
To ensure the format is correct and follows any specific instructions, make a final check before you submit an assignment. Now start to revise the first draft of the essay you wrote. Reread it to find any statements that affect the unity of your writing. Decide how best to revise. Now return to the first draft of the essay you wrote and revise it for coherence. Add transition words and phrases where they are needed, and make any other changes that are needed to improve the flow and connection between ideas.
Now return once more to your essay in progress. Read carefully for problems with word choice. Be sure that your draft is written in formal language and that your word choice is specific and appropriate.
Remember to give positive feedback and to be courteous and polite in your responses. Focus on providing one positive comment and one question for more information to the author. Work with two partners. Then, working individually, list where you agree and where you disagree about revision needs. Skip to main content. Search for:. Use peer reviews and editing checklists to assist revising and editing.
Revise and edit the first draft of your essay and produce a final draft. Understanding the Purpose of Revising and Editing Revising and editing allow you to examine two important aspects of your writing separately, so that you can give each task your undivided attention. When you revise , you take a second look at your ideas. You might add, cut, move, or change information in order to make your ideas clearer, more accurate, more interesting, or more convincing.
When you edit , you take a second look at how you expressed your ideas. You add or change words. You fix any problems in grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.
You improve your writing style. You make your essay into a polished, mature piece of writing, the end product of your best efforts. Tip How do you get the best out of your revisions and editing? Take a break. You are proud of what you wrote, but you might be too close to it to make changes.
Set aside your writing for a few hours or even a day until you can look at it objectively. Ask someone you trust for feedback and constructive criticism. Pretend you are one of your readers.
Are you satisfied or dissatisfied? Use the resources that your college provides. Creating Unity and Coherence Following your outline closely offers you a reasonable guarantee that your writing will stay on purpose and not drift away from the controlling idea. Tip Reading your writing aloud will often help you find problems with unity and coherence.
Creating Unity Sometimes writers get caught up in the moment and cannot resist a good digression. Nothing is more confusing to me than choosing among televisions.
You could listen to the guys in the electronic store, but word has it they know little more than you do. They want to sell you what they have in stock, not what best fits your needs. You face decisions you never had to make with the old, bulky picture-tube televisions. Screen resolution means the number of horizontal scan lines the screen can show. This resolution is often p, or full HD, or p. The trouble is that if you have a smaller screen.
The p televisions cost more, though, so those are what the salespeople want you to buy. They get bigger commissions. The other important decision you face as you walk around the sales floor is whether to get a plasma screen or an LCD screen. Now here the salespeople may finally give you decent info. Plasma flat-panel television screens can be much larger in diameter than their LCD rivals.
Plasma screens show truer blacks and can be viewed or a wider angle than current LCD screens. But be careful and tell the salesperson you have budget constraints. Large flat-panel plasma screens are much more expensive than flat-screen models. Tip When you reread your writing to find revisions to make, look for each type of problem in a separate sweep.
Creating Coherence Careful writers use transitions to clarify how the ideas in their sentences and paragraphs are related. Tip Many writers make their revisions on a printed copy and then transfer them to the version on-screen.
Being Clear and Concise Some writers are very methodical and painstaking when they write a first draft. Identifying Wordiness Sometimes writers use too many words when fewer words will appeal more to their audience and better fit their purpose. Sentences that begin with There is or There are Wordy: There are two major experiments that the Biology Department sponsors.
Revised: The Biology Department sponsors two major experiments. Sentences with unnecessary modifiers. Wordy: Two extremely famous and well-known consumer advocates spoke eloquently in favor of the proposed important legislation. Revised: Two well-known consumer advocates spoke in favor of the proposed legislation. Sentences with deadwood phrases that add little to the meaning. Be judicious when you use phrases such as in terms of , with a mind to , on the subject of , as to whether or not , more or less , as far as…is concerned , and similar expressions.
You can usually find a more straightforward way to state your point. Wordy: As a world leader in the field of green technology, the company plans to focus its efforts in the area of geothermal energy. A report as to whether or not to use geysers as an energy source is in the process of preparation. Revised: As a world leader in green technology, the company plans to focus on geothermal energy. A report about using geysers as an energy source is in preparation.
Sentences in the passive voice or with forms of the verb to be. Sentences with passive-voice verbs often create confusion, because the subject of the sentence does not perform an action. Sentences are clearer when the subject of the sentence performs the action and is followed by a strong verb. Use strong active-voice verbs in place of forms of to be , which can lead to wordiness. Avoid passive voice when you can. Wordy: It might perhaps be said that using a GPS device is something that is a benefit to drivers who have a poor sense of direction.
Revised: Using a GPS device benefits drivers who have a poor sense of direction. Sentences with constructions that can be shortened.
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